DOCS

Outlaw

A trigger-happy SQLite framework. Type-safe, schema-first, with automatic migrations.

bun add @sigitex/outlaw

Attempts to mirror Sqlite syntax very closely. Currently works with Bun and Cloudflare Functions.

Define your schema in code, and Outlaw's cowboy migrations automatically diff and converge your database on startup -- no migration files, no CLI steps. Just change your schema and go.

Note: This package exports TypeScript sources directly. A TypeScript-compatible runtime or bundler (Bun, etc.) is required.

Quick Start

// 1. Define your schema
const users = createTable("users", {
  id: integer.primaryKey.autoincrement,
  name: text.notNull,
  email: text.notNull.unique,
})

const schema = createSchema({ users })

// 2. Create a connection with auto-migration
const bun = new BunConnection(new Database("app.db"))
const connection = new CowboyConnection(bun, schema)

// 3. Use the typed database API
const db = createDatabase(connection, schema)

await db.users.insert({ name: "Wyatt", email: "wyatt@earp.com" }).execute()

const allUsers = await db.users.select("*").fetch()
const user = await db.users.select("*").where("id", 1).first()

Schema Definition

Tables

Define tables with createTable. Each column uses a builder chain starting from a base type.

import { createTable, text, integer, real, blob } from "@sigitex/outlaw"

const products = createTable("products", {
  id: integer.primaryKey.autoincrement,
  name: text.notNull,
  description: text,               // nullable by default
  price: real.notNull,
  image: blob,
  sku: text.notNull.unique,
})

Column Types

Builder	SQLite Type	TypeScript Type
`text`	TEXT	`string`
`integer`	INTEGER	`number`
`real`	REAL	`number`
`blob`	BLOB	`ArrayBuffer`

Column Modifiers

Modifiers are chained as properties or method calls:

text.notNull                          // NOT NULL
integer.primaryKey                    // PRIMARY KEY
integer.primaryKey.autoincrement      // PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT
text.unique                           // UNIQUE
text.default("'unknown'")             // DEFAULT 'unknown'
text.check("length(name) > 0")       // CHECK constraint
integer.foreignKey.references(other.id) // FOREIGN KEY

Each modifier can only be used once per column -- the type system removes it after use.

Type Mappings

Map SQLite storage types to richer TypeScript types:

const events = createTable("events", {
  id: integer.primaryKey.autoincrement,
  active: integer.notNull.map.boolean,     // stored as 0/1, typed as boolean
  createdAt: integer.notNull.map.timestamp, // stored as epoch ms, typed as Date
  scheduledFor: text.map.date,              // stored as ISO string, typed as Date
  metadata: text.map.json<{ tags: string[] }>(), // stored as JSON string, typed as object
})

Table Constraints

Add composite constraints after column definitions:

const memberships = createTable("memberships", {
  userId: integer.notNull.foreignKey.references(users.id),
  groupId: integer.notNull.foreignKey.references(groups.id),
})
  .primaryKey("userId", "groupId")
  .unique("userId", "groupId")
  .check("userId != groupId")

Views

Define views from query builders on existing tables:

import { createView } from "@sigitex/outlaw"

const activeUsers = createView("active_users",
  users.select("id", "name").where("active", 1)
)

Indexes

import { createIndex, createUniqueIndex } from "@sigitex/outlaw"

const emailIndex = createUniqueIndex("idx_users_email").on(users.email)
const nameIndex = createIndex("idx_users_name").on(users.name)

Schema

Group tables, views, and indexes into a schema:

import { createSchema } from "@sigitex/outlaw"

const schema = createSchema({
  users,
  products,
  memberships,
  activeUsers,
  emailIndex,
  nameIndex,
})

Connections

Outlaw abstracts over any SQLite connection via the Connection interface:

type Connection = {
  query<Row>(sql: string): Promise<Row[]>
  script(statements: string[]): Promise<void>
}

Two built-in adapters are provided:

Bun

import { BunConnection } from "@sigitex/outlaw/bun"
import { Database } from "bun:sqlite"

const connection = new BunConnection(new Database("app.db"))

Cloudflare D1

import { CloudflareConnection } from "@sigitex/outlaw/cloudflare"

// Inside a Cloudflare Worker
const connection = new CloudflareConnection(env.DB)

Database API

createDatabase returns a typed object with an accessor for each table and view in the schema.

import { createDatabase } from "@sigitex/outlaw"

const db = createDatabase(connection, schema)

Select

// Select all columns
const rows = await db.users.select("*").fetch()

// Select specific columns
const names = await db.users.select("name", "email").fetch()

// Single result (throws if no match)
const user = await db.users.select("*").where("id", 1).first()

// Filtering
db.users.select("*")
  .where("name", "Wyatt")             // equality
  .where("age", ">=", 21)             // comparison operators
  .where("deletedAt", "is null")       // unary operators

// Sorting, pagination
db.users.select("*")
  .orderBy([["name", "asc"], ["id", "desc"]])
  .limit(10)
  .offset(20)
  .fetch()

Joins

db.users.select("*")
  .join(posts).on(users.id, "=", posts.userId)
  .fetch()

db.users.select("*")
  .leftJoin(posts).on(users.id, "=", posts.userId)
  .fetch()

Join types: join, leftJoin, rightJoin, crossJoin. Each accepts a table or a subquery.

Insert

// Single row
await db.users.insert({ name: "Doc", email: "doc@ok.com" }).execute()

// With returning
const [inserted] = await db.users
  .insert({ name: "Doc", email: "doc@ok.com" })
  .returning("*")
  .execute()

Update

await db.users
  .update({ name: "Morgan" })
  .where("id", 3)
  .execute()

// With returning
const updated = await db.users
  .update({ name: "Morgan" })
  .where("id", 3)
  .returning("*")
  .execute()

Delete

await db.users
  .delete()
  .where("id", 3)
  .execute()

// With returning
const deleted = await db.users
  .delete()
  .where("id", 3)
  .returning("*")
  .execute()

Cowboy Migrations

Wrap any connection with CowboyConnection to enable automatic schema migration. On the first query, Outlaw diffs the database against your schema and applies changes -- creating missing tables, rebuilding tables whose columns have changed, and managing views and indexes.

import { CowboyConnection } from "@sigitex/outlaw"

const connection = new CowboyConnection(rawConnection, schema)

Schema metadata is stored in a cowboy_migration table. When columns change, Outlaw uses an interim table pattern: create the new table, copy data, drop the old one, rename.

Schema Hacks

Destructive changes (renaming or dropping tables/columns) require explicit hints via createSchemaHacker, so data isn't silently lost:

import { createSchemaHacker } from "@sigitex/outlaw"

const hack = createSchemaHacker()

hack.renamed.table("old_users", "users")
hack.renamed.column("users", "firstName", "name")
hack.dropped.table("legacy_data")
hack.dropped.column("users", "deprecated_field")

const connection = new CowboyConnection(rawConnection, schema, {
  hacks: hack.hacks,
})

Fixtures and Seeds

Pre-populate tables with createFixture (or its alias createSeed). Fixtures can use templates to provide default values and RefBy to reference rows in other tables.

import { createFixture } from "@sigitex/outlaw"

// Simple fixture
const userFixture = createFixture(users, [
  { name: "Wyatt", email: "wyatt@earp.com" },
  { name: "Doc", email: "doc@ok.com" },
])

// Fixture with a template for default values
const postFixture = createFixture(posts,
  { createdAt: () => Date.now() },   // template: default for createdAt
  [
    { title: "First Post", userId: users.by.id(1) },  // RefBy
    { title: "Second Post", userId: users.by.id(1) },
  ],
)

// Pass to CowboyConnection
const connection = new CowboyConnection(rawConnection, schema, {
  fixtures: { userFixture, postFixture },
  runFixtures: true,
})

License

MIT

Sigitex/outlaw